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查尔顿.赫斯顿（1923-2008）：一位扮演英雄角色的著名演员

今天，我们向你介绍演员查尔顿.赫斯顿，他是在像电影《The Ten Commandments》（《十戒》）和《Ben-Hur》（《宾虚》）中扮演有权有势和英雄式人物的演员。赫斯顿有一副刚毅脸庞和强壮的身体，他能表现出勇猛和情绪激昂的表情。赫斯顿在他六十年的演艺生涯中，他大约演了一百部电影，他还是一位著名的社会和政治活动家。

查尔顿.赫斯顿于1923年出生在伊利诺斯州的埃文斯顿，他的儿童时期在密歇根州的圣海伦生活。他的父母在他还是一个小孩时就离婚了。后来，他决定改名，他采用他继父的姓为姓—赫斯顿，以他母亲的姓为名—查尔顿。查尔顿.赫斯顿在高中演节目时发现他对表演感兴趣，他后来在伊利诺斯州埃文斯顿的西北大学花了两年时间学习戏剧。但在二战期间，他离开了大学参加了空军，在1944年，他和大学同学莉迪亚.克拉科结婚了。

二战结束后，这对年轻夫妇搬到了纽约市，他们想找一份表演的工作。赫斯顿在剧场和电视台找到了一些小角色，他在电视剧《Jane Eyre》（《简爱》）的演出引起了好莱坞制制片人哈尔.B.沃利斯的注意。

沃利斯在电影《Dark City》（《危机四伏》或《黑夜》）中为赫斯顿提供了一个角色，这部电影于1950年拍摄完成。这位演员很快在一些电影，如由塞西尔.B.戴米尔导演的电影《The Greatest Show on Earth》（《世上最伟大的演出》）中的找到一些角色。戴米尔后来请赫斯顿在电影《The Ten Commandments》（《十戒》）中担任摩西这个角色，这部电影于1956年拍摄完成。在这部电影中，赫斯顿扮演知道自己真实身份的埃及王子，他带领希伯来人逃离在埃及的奴隶生活，来到上帝给予他们的土地上。这一角色使他名声大噪，并确立他扮演英雄和领导人的演艺事业。《十戒》是一部很长、成本昂贵，而且还有许多特效的电影。

在1958年，赫斯顿在电影《Touch of Evil》（《邪恶的触摸》）中担任主角，他扮演一位墨西哥辑毒侦探，奥逊.威尔斯在这部电影中也担任角色。赫斯顿劝说世界制片厂雇用韦尔斯担任这部电影的导演。《邪恶的触摸》成为一部被人称之为“黑色电影”的犯罪电影的经典。1959年的电影《Ben-Hur》（《宾虚》）使赫斯顿成为一名巨星，他在这部电影中扮演一位名叫犹大.宾虚的犹太人，在古代的犹地亚，他反抗罗马的统治而他被非法关进监狱。在这部电影中有一段很长的镜头，这个长长的镜头反映的是他驾驶一辆战车与他认为是敌人的罗马指挥官进行一场惊心动魄的比赛，这部电影因此而异常出名。要在电影中重现这样一个重大事件需要大量的资金和高超的技巧。

许多演员在表演像驾驶战车比赛这样惊险动作时，一般都采用替身演员，但查尔顿.赫斯顿则主要是靠自己。他经过数周的训练，学习如何驾驶一组马飞速行驶。在《宾虚》电影中，在赢得战车比赛后，他和所爱的女士—以斯贴聊天，她希望他忘记对当权的罗马政府的憎恨。

以斯贴：噢，犹大，休息一下，睡一会儿。在这晚上的几个小时中，让你的大脑处于和平安宁之中。

犹大：和平？爱与和平，你认为我象渴望你一样渴望它们吗？你在什么地方看到和平？

以斯贴：你是否从拿撒勒听说过这个人呢？

以斯贴告诉犹大，要听众耶稣的教导

犹大：上帝的孩子？在那个我们离开的死亡山谷？我告诉你，在犹地亚的每一个人都是不洁净的，而且在我们除掉我们身上坚硬的外壳和暴政所带来的污秽之前，将一直都是不洁净的，没有一个人能够例外，除非将这片土地清洗干净。

以斯贴：在血泊中？

犹大：是在，在血泊中。

当时，《宾虚》是迄今以来制作成本最高，制作最为复杂的电影，米高梅电影公司共投入了1500万美元。这部电影独一无二的声誉改善了该电影公司的财务状况。《宾虚》获得了十一项奥斯卡大奖，包括查尔顿.赫斯顿的最佳男演员奖。

在上世纪五、六十年代，许多电影演员都采用“体验派表演方法”来进行让人可信的表演。如电影演员马龙.白兰度通过表演一个真实的角色来探索他们的情感和人生经历。查尔顿.赫斯顿则是通过在真实生活中使用某一物体来表现一个人物。例如，他在考虑他所扮演的人物的外表和可能穿的衣服。赫斯顿全身心地研究他所要扮演的人物，以充分了解他所要扮演的人物，例如，在电影《The Agony and the Ecstasy》（《万世千秋》）或《痛苦与狂喜》）中，赫斯顿扮演十六世纪意大利艺术家米开朗基罗，为此，赫斯顿学习如何绘画和雕刻，从而使他能够真实地模仿这位艺术家的行为。他还研究了米开朗基罗所写的数百封信，以此完整地了解这位艺术家的个性。

赫斯顿在上世纪六十年代的许多冒险电影中担任主角，他的脸型和他的身体在不同的电影中都展现出了坚强、刚毅和英雄主义。他扮演过牛仔、士兵和运动员。这些电影包括《El Cid》（《席德》）、《Khartoum》（《喀土穆》）和《The Greatest Story Ever Told》（《万世流芳》）。在科幻电影《Planet of the Apes》（《决战猩球》）中，他扮演一位太空宇航员，这位太空宇航员被聪明的强大的非人类统治的社会所奴役。

乔治.泰勒：把你的臭爪拿开，你这个肮脏的猿猴。

在上世纪七十年代，赫斯顿演了一些非常有名的灾难大片，如《Earthquake》（《地震》）、《Skyjacked》（《劫机》）和《Airport 1975》（《1975空难》） 。查尔顿.赫斯顿曾经说过，在他的演艺生涯中，他出演过三位总统，三位圣人和两位艺术天才。他开玩笑地说，如果他不演一个高傲的人，他就觉得没有什么意思。

纵观他的一生，查尔顿.赫斯顿对社会和政治事业都很积极。在上世纪五、六十年代，他致力于民权运动。在1963年，他聚集一些艺术家参加向华盛顿进军的活动，以此呼吁种族平等，正是在这一历史事件中，民权运动领袖马丁.路德.金博士发表了著名的《I Have a Dream》（《我有一个梦想》）的演讲。赫斯顿先生是金博士一位坚定的支持者。

查尔顿.赫斯顿同样在电影业内也非常活跃，他担任电影演员协会主席长达六年，这个电影演员协会始建于1965年。他还帮助建立起了美国电影协会。在1977年，他因在电影业中的突出贡献而受到表彰，他得到了电影艺术和科学学院奖，即奥斯卡金像奖之简·赫尔肖特慈善奖。他后来还因他的终生成就而得到其他一些奖项。在1997年，他受到了林肯艺术中心所颁发的奖励，而且，在2003年，布什总统授予他总统自由勋章，这是这个国家最高的奖励。

在他晚年，赫斯顿在政治和社会方面越来越保守，他支持共和党的政客，而且，他还因积极反对制定限制个人拥有枪支的法律而闻名。在1998年，赫斯顿当选全国来复枪协会的主席，这个协会致力于反对制定枪支限制法，它们认为个人拥有枪支的权力是受到美国宪法保护的一个十分重要的民权。查尔顿.赫斯顿因在2000年在全国来复枪协会上的一次演讲而闻名，他举起了十八世纪使用过的一支巨大的来复枪，他说，政府只能从他那“冰冷、死亡的手”中拿走他的枪。赫斯顿在他的一些著名中，如《In the Arena》（《在舞台上》）和《To Be a Man: Letters to My Grandson》（《成为一个人：写给我的孙子》）中表达了他的这些观点。

2000年，查尔顿.赫斯顿发表一项声明：他从来没有因患有像老年痴呆症这样的疾病而处于混乱状态。2008年，他在加州贝弗莉希尔他的家中去逝，享年84岁。人们对查尔顿.赫斯顿的记忆将永远保留在他所扮演的强有力的英雄形象中，在他的电影中，他带给我们这些强有力的英雄形象。他的表演风格和他所演的电影表现了好莱坞历史上的一个特殊时期。

简评：

看来，长相和命运是有很大关系的。

在我们中国，有看相一说，说的是有什么样的长相，就会有什么样的命运。这在许多情况下，这一点被验证是对的。就拿赫斯顿来说，他演英雄和领袖，除了其自己的演技之外，与其长相有着很大的关系。

长相与一个人的命运有关系，同样，一个人的出身，与他的命运也有很大的关系。龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠孩子会打洞。现在，社会上流传着“学习好，不如爸爸好”。只要爸爸好，学不学无所谓，照样能找到好工作。而那些没有好爸爸的，就是上了大学，也不一定能找到工作。前几天，又听说，在深圳，考高中，凡是金融高管的孩子，就能加十分。要知道，在考高中时，每差一分就能相差好多个名次，更何况是十分。

对于像我这样既没有长相，也没有出身的人来说，那只能是一个平平凡凡的小人物了。

Charlton Heston, 1923-2008: An Actor Famous for Playing Heroic Roles　

Today we tell about actor Charlton Heston. He is best known for playing powerful and heroic leaders in movies such as “The Ten Commandments　and “Ben-Hur.　Heston had a strong face and body that could express great physical and emotional force. 　Heston made about one hundred movies during his sixty-year career.  He was also known for his social and political activism. 

Charlton Heston was born John Carter in nineteen twenty-three in Evanston, Illinois. He spent his early childhood in Saint Helen, Michigan. His parents ended their marriage when he was a boy. Later, he decided to change his name. He took the last name of his mother’s second husband, Heston. And, for his first name he used his mother’s former last name, Charlton. Charlton Heston discovered his interest in acting while performing in plays at his high school. He later spent two years studying theater at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. But he left college to join the Army Air Forces during World War Two. In nineteen forty-four he married a college classmate, Lydia Clarke.  

The young couple moved to New York City after the war. They tried to find acting jobs. Heston found small roles in the theater as well as in television shows. His performance in a television version of the book “Jane Eyre　caught the attention of the Hollywood producer Hal B. Wallis. 　

Wallis gave Heston a role in the movie “Dark City," which came out in nineteen fifty. The actor soon found other roles in movies including “The Greatest Show on Earth　directed by Cecil B. DeMille. DeMille later asked Heston to play the role of Moses in his movie “The Ten Commandments　which came out in nineteen fifty-six.  Heston played the Egyptian prince who learns his true identity and leads the Hebrew people out of slavery in Egypt to the promised land.  This role made Heston famous and defined his career as a hero and leader.  "The Ten Commandments" was long, very costly and had many special effects. 

In nineteen fifty-eight Heston starred in “Touch of Evil. He played a Mexican drug investigator.  Orson Welles also had an acting role in this film.  Heston persuaded Universal Studios to hire Welles to direct the movie. "Touch of Evil" has since become a great example of the kind of crime movie known as "film noir." 　The nineteen fifty-nine movie “Ben-Hur　made Charlton Heston an even bigger star. He played a Jewish man named Judah Ben-Hur who is imprisoned unjustly and rebels against the rule of Rome in ancient Judea.  The movie is most famous for a long scene in which Ben-Hur competes in an exciting chariot race against a Roman commander he considers his enemy. Recreating such a large event on film required a great amount of money and technical skill.

Many actors would have used a professional stunt man to carry out such a dangerous activity as a chariot race. But Charlton Heston did much of the work himself. He trained for weeks to learn how to skillfully lead a team of speeding horses.  After Ben-Hur wins the chariot race, he speaks with Esther, the woman he loves. She wants him to forget about his hatred towards the Roman government in power.

ESTHER: Oh Judah, rest, sleep. For a few hours of the night, let your mind be at peace.

JUDAH: Peace? Love and peace! Do you think I don’t long for them as much as you do? Where did you see them?

ESTHER: If you had heard this man from Nazareth

Esther tells Judah about having listened to the teachings of the prophet Jesus.

JUDAH: Children of God? In that dead valley where we left them? I tell you every man in Judea is unclean and will stay unclean until we’ve scoured off our bodies the crust and filth of being at the mercy of tyranny. No other life is possible except to wash this land clean.

ESTHER: In blood?

JUDAH: Yes, in blood!

At the time, "Ben-Hur" was one of the most costly and complex movies ever made. It cost MGM Studios fifteen million dollars to produce. The popularity of the movie alone helped improve the financial situation of the studio. "Ben-Hur" won eleven Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Charlton Heston.

In the nineteen fifties and sixties, many actors used "Method acting" to produce a believable performance. Actors like Marlon Brando would explore their personal emotions and experiences to create a realistic character. Charlton Heston chose instead to use objects in real life to build a character. For example, he would think about the way his character looked and what clothes the character would wear.　Heston studied intensely to understand his characters. For example, in the movie “The Agony and the Ecstasy　Heston played the role of the sixteenth century Italian artist Michelangelo. Heston learned how to paint and sculpt so that he could realistically imitate the artist’s actions. He also studied the hundreds of letters written by Michelangelo to more fully understand the artist’s personality.

Heston starred in many adventure movies during the nineteen sixties.  His face and body represented strength, manliness and heroism in many different roles. He played cowboys, soldiers, athletes. His movies included “El Cid　“Khartoum　and “The Greatest Story Ever Told. In the science fiction film “Planet of the Apes　he played an astronaut who is enslaved by a society of intelligent and powerful non-human rulers.

GEORGE TAYLOR: Take your stinking paws off me, you damn dirty ape!

In the nineteen seventies, Heston appeared in popular disaster movies like "Earthquake," "Skyjacked" and "Airport 1975" 。Charlton Heston once said that over his career he played three presidents, three holy men and two artistic geniuses. He joked that if that did not make a person feel self-important then nothing would.

Throughout his life, Charlton Heston was active in social and political causes. In the nineteen fifties and sixties, he worked to defend civil rights. In nineteen sixty-three he helped gather artists to participate in the March on Washington, D.C. to demand racial equality. It was at this historic event that the civil rights leader, Doctor Martin Luther King, Junior, gave his famous “I Have a Dream　speech.  Mister Heston was a very public supporter of Doctor King.

Charlton Heston was also very active in the movie industry. He was president of the Screen Actors Guild for six years starting in nineteen sixty-five.  He also worked to help establish the American Film Institute. In nineteen seventy-seven he was honored

for his service in the industry. He received the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.　　He later received other awards for his lifetime of work.  In nineteen ninety-seven he was awarded a Kennedy Center Honor. And, in two thousand three, President Bush gave Charlton Heston a Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor.  

Later in his life, Heston became more socially and politically conservative. He supported Republican Party politicians.  And he became known for actively opposing laws to control the private ownership of guns.  In nineteen ninety-eight Heston was elected president of the National Rifle Association. This organization works to oppose gun control laws. It considers the right to own a gun an important civil right guaranteed by the United States Constitution. Charlton Heston became famous for a speech he gave for the N.R.A. in two thousand. He held up a large rifle used in the seventeen hundreds.  He said the only way the government could take away his gun was from his "cold, dead hands." Heston wrote about his opinions in books including “In the Arena　and “To Be a Man: Letters to My Grandson.

In two thousand, Charlton Heston issued a statement announcing that he had a nerve disorder whose signs were like Alzheimer's disease.  He died in two thousand eight at his home in Beverly Hills, California. He was eighty-four years old.  The memory of Charlton Heston will live on in the powerful heroes he brought to life in his movies. His style of acting and the movies he made represent a special period in the history of Hollywood.

http://www.wwenglish.com/m06/voa/spec/2008/04/wwenglish.com_pia080420.mp3