参考译文：

这里都有些什么？新闻博物馆欢迎人们在此认真地寻找

这周，我们带你去参观新近开放的华盛顿新闻博物馆。

“在马戏团发生了一件大事，但没有人知道发生了什么，好吧，年青人（新手），你的工作就是想尽一切办法，尽快地获得这件事情的经过，我们知道在什么时候和什么地方发生了什么，你应该找到是谁干的，是怎么干的，他们为什么要这么干。通过调查，你要尽快地了解事实，并用你的笔记本电脑把你所采访的新闻写下来。现在就去吧。”

这就是华盛顿新闻博物馆许多互动式游戏的开始。这种“当一名记者”的游戏是在互动阅览室和职业道德中心的小电视上玩的，新闻博物馆的这个区域还包括一个名叫“当一名电视记者”的活动。再付8美元，游客就可以站在一架摄像机前面播放新闻，然后，他们就可以得到一张他们自己的照片，以及如何下载他们自己采访节目的电视视频的说明。

新闻博物馆位于宾夕法尼亚大道，靠近加拿大大使馆，于2008年4月11日对外开放。原先的新闻博物馆位于华盛顿波托马可河的对岸，这个原先的新闻博物馆于1997年在维吉尼亚的阿林顿对外开放，但在决定搬迁重建一个更大的新闻博物馆后，这个新闻博物馆就关闭了。这座新建的新闻博物馆有十四个陈列室、十五个剧场和十六块大型的电视屏幕。

有一个陈列室是柏林墙陈列室，它讲述的是那座建于1961年、高为四米的混泥土墙的故事。共产党的东德建了这座墙，目的是为了将它们与西面的民主德国分开。这座墙于1989年被推倒，两个德国重新统一了。在这个陈列室中陈列着八块柏林墙，还有一个观察哨，这个观察哨距“查理检查站”不远，这个查理检查站坐落在东西柏林之间。在这个陈列室中还有三块大型的电视屏幕，向游客展现的是有关柏林墙三段不同历史时期的新闻报道。

　另一个陈列室讲述的是2001年9月11日，基地组织恐怖袭击纽约和华盛顿的情况。9.11陈列室展示的是媒体是如何报道这场造成近三千人死亡的恐怖袭击。

“这座建筑正在向下倒塌，人们在街道上奔跑，到处都是浓烟，百老汇大道上全是人。”

世贸中心的双子座，这是纽约市最高的大楼，在受到被劫持的飞机撞击后轰然倒塌。

在9.11陈列室中间是一个烧焦和扭曲的广播天线，这个广播天线原先安置在世贸中心双子座北楼的顶上。同样，在这个陈列室中，还有美国国防部五角大楼被损坏的碎片，它受到一架飞机的撞击。另外在这个陈列室中还有用于恐怖袭击的第四架飞机的一块残片，联邦调查员发现这架联合航空公司93号航班在乘客的反抗下坠落到了宾夕法尼亚的原野中。

9.11陈列室还陈列了新闻摄影师威廉.比格特所留下的一些东西，他在世贸中心第二座大楼倒塌时被活埋。在这个陈列室的墙上，有来自127家报纸关于这次袭击的头条报道，这些报纸来自美国和其他三十四个国家。

新闻博物馆还有一个每天都在更新的报纸陈列室，这里展现着来自全世界五百多家报纸的头版新闻的电子版面，有八十种是印刷版，其他可以通过电子触摸来获得。其邻近的一个陈列室所陈列的是数以千计的历史性的出版物，最古老的一个出版物是三千多年前的一块泥砖，在这块砖上刻有楔形文字，这些符号讲述的是在一位闪族国王神庙中的一个小教堂的情况。

同样，在这个早期新闻陈列室中，还有有关阿金库尔战役（1415年英国国王亨利五世在法国北部的阿金库尔村重创数倍于己的法军）和塞伦巫婆的审判的报道。阿金库尔战役于1415年发生在法国，第二年出现了与此战役相关的手写的新闻报道。塞伦巫婆的审判发生在1692年的马萨诸塞。这个陈列室介绍了在十五世纪印刷机出现前后传送新闻的多种方式，这些方式包括十九世纪西非的竖琴，音乐人弹奏这样的竖琴，说唱着当时所发生的一些事情，传播着一些闲话。

在有关新闻历史的陈列中，有一件展品叫“能真实地表达吗？”对此，有许多这样的例子，有些记者或讲述的人只站在问题的一方来报道新闻。这些陈列品还涉及到了对未经确认资源的使用问题，以及当记者第一次报道某一新闻时所承担的错误风险。

新闻博物馆另一个陈列室所展出的是获得普利策大奖的照片。这里的展品还包括一些获奖者对其所获奖照片的说明。新闻博物馆中还有一个陈列室，这个陈列室是专门纪念那些为新闻工作而死的记者。在纪念陈列室的玻璃框中镶嵌着1800名记者的名字。

一个独立的团体――自由论坛经营管理着这座新闻博物馆。这个组织花费了一百万美元购买土地，再花费了四亿五千万美元兴建了这座新闻博物馆。自由论坛教育人们，言论自由和出版自由是多么的重要。在新闻博物馆的外墙上，刻着美国宪法第一修正案的一段话：“国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。”

在新闻博物馆里面，一面巨大的电视屏幕正在播出政治和宗教领导人、娱乐人士和记者在谈论这些自由的画面。下面是民权运动领袖马丁.路德.金的演讲：“但，我在某处看到集会的自由，我在某处看到言论的自由，我在某处看到出版的自由，我所看到的美国最伟大之处是有权保护这些自由的权利。”

在新闻博物馆开馆前，它们请一些记者对新闻博物馆进行采访，有一位记者认为报纸是一个垂死的行业，他（她）问新闻博物馆的首席执行官（CEO）查尔斯.奥弗比为什么还要对报纸给予如此高的重视，这位CEO说，新闻博物馆是关于新闻和正在发生变化的新闻报道方式的博物馆，新闻博物馆里有一个很大的陈列室，在这个陈列室中展出的是数字时代的新闻，包括博客和社会网络，但互联网、电视和广播陈列室也展出过去的广播节目。

在这个陈列室中的一个区域，展示的是“即时新闻”，有时也叫市民新闻。这里所陈列的包括来自维吉尼亚理工大学研究生Jamal Albarghouti的评论，他用他的手机记录下了去年4月16日一个学生在附近开枪打死32个人的影像。

“当我把这些影像下载给cnn时，我没有想到会有什么样的反应，我只是希望没有人看到这些时会非常生气。感谢上帝，正是这件事，使得许多人来到我的身边，对我说谢谢。我认为我并没有处于一个非常危险的境地，如果我再一次遇到这种情形的话，我也许还会这么做的。”

有关即时新闻也在新闻博物馆内引起了讨论，下面是维吉尼亚《罗纳克时报》一位编辑的评论：“我们培养职业的新闻记者，同时，我们也将非常关注在线新闻，因为，一旦这些新闻发出，你就无法收回。你知道博客，也许有时他们并没有认识到这一点，一点点想法闪现在他们的大脑中，他们把这个想法通过博客发了出去，然后数百万人可能在线看到他的这点点想法，而这很可能会伤害某人的声誉。这点点想法可能是说某个人：你知道，他这个家伙，他是个射手。啊哈，你不能取消这些。”

这座新近对外开放的华盛顿新闻博物馆，门票是二十美元，六岁（含六岁）以下的儿童免费。邻近史密斯博物馆和国家艺术走廊则对游客免费开放。但新闻博物馆的官员们指出，这些博物馆得到公众的支持。这座新闻博物馆开放那天是免费的，那天，大约有11000人参观了新闻博物馆。新闻博物馆自称是世界上最具互动的博物馆。但有些人担心，如此昂贵的门票，这家博物馆如何能取得成功，特别是在当前经济形势困难的情况下。这座城市有许多免费的吸引人的地方。

新闻博物馆馆长彼得.普里查德说，全世界对新闻和信息的渴望人来没有像今天这样强烈，首席执行官查尔斯.奥弗比说，自由论坛认为它所属的新闻博物馆是自由的纪念碑。在媒体采访期间，有记者问他，新闻博物馆如何与史密斯博物馆竞争，他说，“我们不会伤害到史密斯博物馆，我们只想占用人们的一点点时间。”

简评：

新闻，以事实为基础，以真实为原则，以说真话为出发点，将所发生的事实真相告诉人们。

因此，不管出于什么目的，缺乏事实的新闻是编造的，违背真实的新闻是有害的，胡说八道的新闻是可恶的。

近来，西方媒体围绕藏独分子在拉萨的打砸抢事件而肆意编造，胡说八道，无论他们如何辩解，如何粉饰，都无法掩盖他们可恶的嘴脸。他们已经完全违背了新闻的原则，失去了做一名新闻记者的资格，丧失了做人所必须的人格。

他们一直在强调：言论自由，难道胡说八道就是言论自由吗？

他们一直在强调：出版自由，难道这种违背事实真相的新闻就是出版自由吗？

他们一直在强调：宗教自由，难道他们对那些打砸抢的暴徒的支持，就是宗教自由吗？

我们也需要言论自由，也要求出版自由，也强调宗教自由，但我们所要的自由是在尊重事实，尊重他人的基础上的自由。

So What's the Story? News Museum Hopes Crowds Will Care to Find Out　

This week on our program, we take a look at Washington's newly opened museum of news, the Newseum.　

"There's a big story breaking at the circus but nobody seems to know what's going on. O.K., rookie, it's your job to get the story and scoop the competition. We know what happened, when and where. You need to find out who did it, how and why. Ask questions, get the facts and file the story with this P.D.A. as soon as you can. Now get going." 　

So begins one of the many interactive games at the Newseum in Washington. This game, "Be a Reporter," is played on a small screen in the Interactive Newsroom and Ethics Center. This area of the Newseum also includes an activity called "Be a TV Reporter." For an extra eight dollars, visitors can read the news in front of a camera. Afterward, they receive a picture of themselves and instructions about how to download a video of their performance.　

The Newseum opened on Pennsylvania Avenue, next to the Canadian Embassy, on April eleventh. It was formerly located across the Potomac River from Washington. The Newseum opened in Arlington, Virginia, in nineteen ninety-seven. But it closed in two thousand two after a decision to move to a bigger space. The newly built museum has fourteen galleries, fifteen theaters and sixteen zillion video screens.  

One of the galleries is the Berlin Wall Gallery. It tells the story of the four meter high concrete wall built in nineteen sixty-one. Communist East Germany built the wall to separate itself from democratic West Germany. The wall was torn down, and the two Germanies reunited, in nineteen eighty-nine. The gallery contains eight pieces of the Berlin Wall. It also includes a watch tower that stood not far from the "Checkpoint Charlie" crossing between east and west Berlin. Three large screens in the gallery show three different movies about the history of news reporting on the Berlin Wall.　

Another gallery tells the story of the al-Qaida terrorist attacks on New York and Washington on September eleventh, two thousand one. The nine-eleven gallery explores how the media covered the story of the attacks that killed almost three thousand people.

"The building is falling right now. People are running through the streets. Smoke is everywhere. People are filling all of Broadway."　　

The Twin Towers, New York's tallest buildings, collapsed after being struck by hijacked passenger planes.　

In the center of the gallery is a burned and twisted part of the broadcast antenna that stood on the North Tower of the World Trade Center. Also in the gallery is a damaged piece of the Pentagon, the Defense Department headquarters, which was also struck by a plane. And there is a piece of the fourth plane used in the attacks. Investigators found that the hijackers of United Flight Ninety-three crashed the plane in a Pennsylvania field after passengers revolted. 　

The gallery also has items from news photographer William Biggart. He was covering the attacks in New York City when the second tower collapsed and he was killed. On the wall of the gallery are front pages from one hundred twenty-seven newspapers reporting the attacks. The newspapers are from across the United States and thirty-four other nations.　

The Newseum has a newspaper gallery that changes daily. Copies of front pages are received electronically from more than five hundred newspapers around the world. Eighty are printed for display. The others can be seen on touch screens. A nearby gallery displays thousands of historic publications. The oldest is a clay brick from more than three thousand years ago. The brick has cuneiform writing on it. The symbols tell about the building of a chapel in a temple of a Sumerian king.

Also in the Early News Gallery are reports on the Battle of Agincourt and the Salem witch trials. The battle took place in France in fourteen fifteen; the handwritten news report appeared the following year. The Salem witch trials took place in Massachusetts in sixteen ninety-two. The gallery describes the many ways news traveled before and after the arrival of the printing press in the fifteenth century. Included in the collection is a nineteenth century West African harp. It was played by musicians who sang about current events and spread gossip.　

Among the displays about the history of news is one called "Can the Press Be Trusted?" It has examples of stories that were invented by reporters or told only one side of an issue. The display also deals with the use of unidentified sources, and the risk of mistakes when reporters try to be first with a story.　

Another gallery at the Newseum presents photographs that have won Pulitzer Prizes. The display also includes recorded comments from some of the prize-winning photographers.　　And the Newseum has a gallery to honor journalists who were killed doing their jobs. Glass panels in the Memorial Gallery list more than one thousand eight hundred names.

An independent group, the Freedom Forum, operates the Newseum. The group spent one hundred million dollars to buy the land and four hundred fifty million dollars to build the new museum. The Freedom Forum teaches people about the importance of free speech and a free press. On the outside of the Newseum are the words of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution： "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."

Inside the Newseum, a huge screen presents political and religious leaders, entertainers and reporters talking about those freedoms. Here is civil rights leader Martin Luther King Junior: "But somewhere I read　of the freedom of assembly. Somewhere I read　of the freedom of speech. Somewhere I read　of the freedom of the press. Somewhere I read that the greatness of America is the right to protest for rights."　　

Reporters received a media tour of the Newseum before opening day. One reporter called newspapers a dying industry and asked the chief executive officer, Charles Overby, why the Newseum gives them so much attention. The C.E.O. said the Newseum is about news and the changing delivery systems for reporting it. The Newseum has a large gallery dealing with news in the digital age, including blogging and social networking sites. But the Internet, TV and Radio Gallery also presents broadcasts from the past. 　

One area of the gallery explores "instant news reporting," sometimes called citizen journalism. The display includes comments from Virginia Tech graduate student Jamal Albarghouti. With his cell phone camera, he recorded nearby sounds of gunfire as a student killed thirty-two people last April sixteenth.

JAMAL ALBARGHOUTI: "I had no idea what the reaction would be when I downloaded this to CNN. I was just hoping no one would get very angry seeing it, and thank God that was the case and many people came to me and telling me thanks a lot. I didn't think I was in a great danger. If I was in such a situation once again, probably I'll do the same thing."　

Jamal Albarghouti：

Concerns about instant news are also discussed at the Newseum. Here are comments from a newspaper editor at the Roanoke Times in Virginia:　"We are trained professional journalists and we are going to be very cautious about what we put online because once it's in the paper you can't take it back. Ya know bloggers, maybe sometimes they don't realize that, that little thought that just pops into their head, and they post it, and millions of people can see it online, and it can damage somebody's reputation.  It can say somebody, ya know, he's the guy, he's the shooter, ah, you can't take that back."　

The newly opened Newseum in Washington, D.C., charges as much as twenty dollars for admission. Children six and younger are free. The nearby Smithsonian museums and the National Gallery of Art are free to all visitors. But Newseum officials note that those museums are publicly supported. Almost eleven thousand people toured the Newseum on opening day when admission was free. The Newseum calls itself the world's most interactive museum. But some people wondered how a pricey museum will succeed, especially in difficult economic times, in a city with so many free attractions.　

The president of the Newseum, Peter Pritchard, says the hunger for news and information has never been greater around the world. Chief executive Charles Overby says the Freedom Forum believes the Newseum is where it belongs, among monuments to freedom. During the media tour, he was asked how this museum of news will compete with the Smithsonian museums. "We're not out to harm the Smithsonian," he said. "We just want a bit of people's time."　

http://www.wwenglish.com/m06/voa/spec/2008/04/wwenglish.com_tia080421.mp3