参考译文：

朱莉娅.沃德.豪（1819－1910）：

这位反对奴隶制度的积极分子写了一首美国内战期间最伟大的歌曲

今天，我们向你介绍朱莉娅.沃德.豪，她是美国内战期间最伟大歌曲《共和国战歌》的创作者之一。

行进中的士兵，没有尽头的行军队伍在大地上蜿蜒。他们来自北方的各州，他们为美国的团结而战。而他们来自南方各州，他们为了从联邦政府中分裂出来，以保护他们拥有奴隶的权利而战。从酷暑到严寒，战斗一直在继续。太阳像火一样在燃烧着，而战士们仍在前进。冬天，寒风携带着雪花刮在士兵们的脸上，而战士们仍在前进。合众国因为奴隶制度而被分割，一些州想从联邦中分离出去。美国内战持续了四年，这场战争摧毁国家，也牺牲了这个国家的年轻人。

内战期间有关士兵们的故事有很多，这些故事中讲述了战士们对战争的恐惧、他们伟大的英雄行为，他们是如何受伤和牺牲的，以及他们在战斗前或战斗后是如何唱歌的。有一首歌曲，比任何一首歌曲更能体现北方联邦士兵的精神，这首歌就是《共和国战歌》，下面请听这首歌曲的第一部分，它由奥德它演唱。

这首歌的歌词是宗教式的歌词，它们就像是一首赞美诗，一首赞美上帝的歌曲。下面我们就来向你讲述创作这首歌曲的女士的故事。

请听：《共和国战歌》。

　这是在华盛顿特区，现在是1861年的一个潮冷冬夜。华盛顿里有数千士兵，医院都住满了伤兵，在南方维吉尼亚州波托马可河对岸的一场战斗刚刚结束。

有一位女士正在她的宾馆房间中睡觉，她经历了漫长而又艰苦的一天，她到华盛顿是为了慰问联邦军队，她所见所闻使她无法入睡，就是在睡眠中，她也能听到士兵们的声音，她听到这些士兵们在火炉边上发出悲惨的声音，她听到他们在唱歌，他们在唱一首她曾经听到过的一首进行曲，这首歌曲是有关约翰.布朗的，约翰.布朗是一位反对奴隶制度的积极分子。这首歌曲述说了他是如何在战斗中牺牲的，这首歌曲表达了他的精神永存。

这位女士的名字是朱莉娅.沃德.豪。她是一位作家和社会改革家。1819年她出生在纽约市，她的父亲是一位富有的银行家。朱莉娅嫁给了塞缪尔.格瑞德里.豪，他也是一位改革家和盲人教师。朱莉娅和塞缪尔.豪夫妇搬到了波士顿。豪太太生了五个孩子，她出版了好几本诗集。

朱莉娅.沃德.豪和塞缪尔.格瑞德里.豪夫妇都是美国废奴运动的领导人，他们出版了一份名叫《Commonwealth》（《联邦》）的反对奴隶制度的报纸。豪太太会见约翰.布朗，和他一样，她也是一位反对奴隶制度的积极分子，她反对那些把黑人当作奴隶的人。和他不一样的是，她不赞成通过暴力来结束奴隶制度。

在1859年，约翰.布朗试图发动一场奴隶暴动，他率领奴隶向通往维吉尼亚的一个渡口――哈珀镇发动攻击，这个镇有一家兵工厂，还有一个军用物资储藏中心。针对哈珀镇的袭击失败了，约翰.布朗以叛逆罪受到了审判，他被法院判决有罪，并被处死。

而在北方各州，约翰.布朗成为了一名英雄，他的故事通过歌曲传到各地。这首歌曲成为战士们最喜爱的歌曲，它成为北方联邦军队的非正式的进行曲。朱莉娅.沃德.豪也喜爱唱这首歌，她觉得这首歌的曲子非常好听，但她却并不喜欢有关约翰.布朗的歌词，所以，她决定给这首曲子写一首不一样的歌词。这些歌词是从她躺在华盛顿宾馆房间的床上流淌出来的，她从“士兵在行进“的梦中醒来。

“我很惊讶地发现，歌词自己不断地从我脑海中涌出来，在静静地躺着，一直到等到最后一句歌词在脑海中出现以后，我迅速地从床上起来，我想，如果我不立即把这些歌词写下来，我怕我会忘记这些歌词，我找来一张纸和一支钢笔，我在纸上写下了这首歌词：

‘我已经看到主降临的荣光，

他正在踏平存有愤怒葡萄的地方，

他那迅捷无比的令人恐怖的剑已经放出致命的光芒，

他的真理正在前进。’

我一口气把歌词写完，然后我又回到床上睡着了，我感觉到什么重要的事情在我身上发生了。”

有一份美国杂志叫《The Atlantic Monthly》（《大西洋月刊》）购买了豪太太的这首歌词，她得到了四美元。1862年，这份杂志发表了这首歌词，这首歌词立即深受欢迎，它正是这首伟大进行曲的最佳歌词。联邦军队的士兵开始唱朱莉娅.沃德.豪所写的这首歌词，它很快成为他们的正式的进行曲――《共和国战歌》。

朱莉娅.沃德.豪随即出名，她应邀到白宫，受到亚伯拉罕.林肯总统的接见，在白宫晚宴之后，客人们谈起了内战，大家都很悲伤，联邦军队遭受到好几次失败，随后，有些人开始唱起这首《共和国战歌》，豪太太和林肯总统也一起唱了起来，林肯总统的眼睛里噙满了泪水。下面请听这首歌曲的最后部分，由摩门特博瑞克唱诗班演唱。

1865年，在北方赢得内战之后，朱莉娅.沃德.豪又参与了其他一些社会改革运动。她是美国妇女争取平等权利（包括争取选举权）运动的领导人。1868年，她帮助成立了新英格兰发俱乐部，这个组织致力于为妇女在教育和商业上寻求平等权利。她担任总统顾问长达三十年。

朱莉娅.沃德.豪还参与和平运动。在1870年，她发表了《告全世界妇女同胞书》，它要求召开一次支持和平、解决冲突的国际妇女会议。第二年，她帮助成立了美国妇女国际和平联合会，她担任这个联合会的主席。朱莉娅.沃德.豪继续写作，并就她认为重要的问题发表演讲。多少年来，成千上万的人都能背诵她那著名的诗歌。她于1910年逝世，享年91岁。

《共和国战歌》仍然是美国最著名的传统歌曲，没有人知道这首歌的曲子是谁作的，但这首歌曲将永远留传下去。因此，人们将永远铭记以她的歌词而使这首歌曲闻名于世的女士，她的名字就是：朱莉娅.沃德.豪。

简评：

这首歌曲实在是太好听了！既悲壮又有气势，歌词更美！

这是唯一的一首最终能超越地方偏见而成爲真正全国性歌曲的内战歌曲。在西─美战争、第一次和第二次世界大战期间，美军都是唱这支歌。它作为全国性歌曲的持久性不仅是由于它有活泼高昂的曲调，而且是由于它的歌词兼备爱国、宗教和庆贺自由的特点。

难怪她以一首歌曲闻名千古！

Julia Ward Howe, 1819-1910: The Anti-Slavery Activist Wrote One of the Great Civil War Songs　

Today, we tell about Julia Ward Howe.  She wrote one of the great songs of the American Civil War, the "Battle Hymn of the Republic."　

Marching soldiers. No end to the lines of soldiers marching across the land.  They came from the northern states fighting to keep the Union together.  And they came from the southern states fighting for a separate Confederate government that would protect their right to have slaves.  In summer and winter, the fighting continued.  The sun burned like fire.  The soldiers marched on.  The cold winter winds blew snow in their faces.  The soldiers marched on.　The United States was a nation cut in two by a bitter struggle over slavery and a state's right to leave the Union.  America's Civil War lasted four years.  It destroyed the land.  And it destroyed the young men of the nation.　

Many stories have been told about the soldiers of the Civil War.  They have told of the soldiers　fear and terror. Their great and heroic acts. How they suffered and died. And how they sang before and after battle.  One song, more than any other, caught the spirit of the Union soldiers of the North.  The song is the "Battle Hymn of the Republic."  Here is the first part of the song, sung by Odetta:　　

The words are religious.  They are like a hymn, a song of praise to God.  This is the story of the woman who wrote the song.　

(MUSIC: "Battle Hymn of the Republic")　

The place was Washington, D.C.  The year was eighteen sixty-one.  It was a wet winter night.  There were thousands of soldiers in the city.  The hospitals were full.  The field of battle was just across the Potomac River in the southern state of Virginia.

A woman lay asleep in her hotel room.  She had had a long, hard day.  She had come to Washington to visit the Union troops.  The sight and sounds of the soldiers gave her no rest.  Even in her sleep she seemed to hear them.  She heard their sad voices as they sat beside their fires.  She heard them singing.  They sang a marching song she knew.  It was a song about John Brown, an activist against slavery.  The song told about how his body turned to earth in the grave.  It told about how his spirit lived on.　

The woman's name was Julia Ward Howe.  She was a writer and social reformer.  She was born in New York City in eighteen nineteen.  Her father was a wealthy banker.  Julia married Samuel Gridley Howe.  He was a reformer and teacher of the blind.  Julia and Samuel Howe moved to Boston.  Missus Howe raised five children.  And she published several books of poetry.　

Julia Ward Howe and Samuel Gridley Howe were leaders in the movement in America to end slavery.  They published an anti-slavery newspaper called the "Commonwealth."　　Missus Howe had met John Brown.  Like him, she was an anti-slavery activist.  She opposed those Americans who used black people as slaves.  Unlike him, she did not approve of using violence to end slavery.　

In eighteen fifty-nine, John Brown tried to start a revolt of slaves.  He led an attack on Harper's Ferry, a town in what was then the state of Virginia.  The town had a factory that made guns for the army.  It also had a storage center for military equipment.  The attack on Harper's Ferry failed.  John Brown was put on trial for treason.  He was found guilty and was executed.　

In the northern states, John Brown became a hero.  His story was told through song.  The song was most popular with soldiers.  It became the unofficial marching song of the Union Army.　Julia Ward Howe also liked to sing the song.  She felt that the music was beautiful, but the words about John Brown were not.  So she decided to write different words to the music.　Those words came to her that night as she lay in her hotel room in Washington.  She was awakened by her dreams of marching soldiers.　

"I found to my surprise that the words were forming themselves in my head.  I lay still until the last line had completed itself in my thoughts.　Then I quickly got out of bed.  I thought I would forget the words if I did not write them immediately.  I looked for a piece of paper and a pen.  Then I began to write the lines of a poem:　

'Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord.

He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored,

He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword,

His truth is marching on.'

I wrote until I was finished.  Then I lay down again and fell asleep.  I felt something important had happened to me."　

An American magazine, "The Atlantic Monthly," bought Missus Howe's poem.  She was paid four dollars.  The magazine published the poem in eighteen sixty-two.  The poem became very popular.  It had just the right words for the great marching music.  The soldiers of the Union Army began to sing the words Julia Ward Howe had written.  It soon became their official marching song -- "The Battle Hymn of the Republic."　

Julia Ward Howe became famous.  She was invited to the White House to meet President Abraham Lincoln.  After dinner at the White House, the guests talked about the Civil War.  They were sad.  The Union army had suffered many defeats.  Then someone began to sing “The Battle Hymn of the Republic."  Missus Howe and President Lincoln joined in the singing.  There were tears in the President's eyes.  Here is the last part of the song, sung by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir:　

After the North won the Civil War in eighteen sixty-five, Julia Ward Howe became involved in other social reform movements.  She became a leader in the movement to gain equal rights for American women, including the right to vote.  She helped establish the New England Woman's Club in eighteen sixty-eight.  This organization worked for equal rights for women in education and business.  She served as president of the group for more than thirty years.

Julia Ward Howe also became involved in the movement for peace.  In eighteen seventy, she issued an "Appeal to Womanhood Throughout the World."  This was a call for an international conference of women to support the peaceful settlement of conflicts.  The next year she helped organize the American group of the Woman's International Peace Association.  She became president of the group.　　Julia Ward Howe continued to write books and make speeches about the issues she felt were important.  Through the years, thousands of people came to hear her recite her most famous poem.  She died in nineteen ten.  She was ninety-one years old.　

The "Battle Hymn of the Republic" still is one of America's great traditional songs.  No one knows for sure who wrote the music.  But the song lives on.  And so does the name of the woman who made the music famous with her words: Julia Ward Howe.　

http://www.wwenglish.com/m06/voa/spec/2008/01/wwenglish.com_pia080113.mp3